It may sound basic, but many people struggle with irregular plural forms in English even when they have reached a high level of fluency. After all, you normally add an “s” at the end of a word and, magically, you have a plural form. That’s true with most words, but not all.
So, let’s review some of these confusing plural forms.
SINGULAR |
Pronunciation of the vowel |
PLURAL |
Pronunciation of the vowel |
Man |
Same vowel as “bad” |
Men |
Same vowel as “bed” |
Woman |
Wo -man |
Women |
Wi-men |
Child |
Same vowel as “I” |
Children |
Same vowel as “kitten” |
Foot |
Short vowel as in “book” or “look” |
Feet |
Long vowel as in “meet” |
Person |
One person |
People |
Two people |
Tooth |
Long vowel as in “boot” |
Teeth |
Long vowel as in “meet” |
Sheep |
Long vowel as in “meet” |
Sheep |
Same as the singular form |
Fish |
Short vowel as in “hit” |
Fish |
Normally the same as the singular form. “Fishes” only used very rarely. |
Salmon |
Don’t pronounce the “l” |
Salmon |
Normally the same as the singular form. “Salmons” only used rarely. |
Deer (the animal) |
Same pronunciation as “dear” |
Deer |
Normally the sae as the singular form. “Deers” only used very rarely. |
Mouse |
Same vowel as in “house” Can be animal or the computer gadget |
Mice Mouses |
The animal, as in “nice” The computer gadget, as in “houses”, but rarely used |
Let’s look at some examples when the “s” expresses a possessive, not a plural form. In these cases, you might hear “s” and think it’s a plural when it isn’t.
1. A man’s home is his castle.
2. Men’s clothes are on the first floor.
3. A woman’s future is bright.
4. Women’s future is bright.
5. A child’s book is colourful.
6. Children’s books are colourful.
7. There were a lot of sheep and cows on the field. (notice that sheep is a plural)
8. There are plenty of fish in the sea
9. I don’t like to see mice in the underground
There are not many exceptions to the normal rule of adding an “s” to form a plural, but most of the exceptions are words used daily, so it’s important to focus on them because you use them very often. And you don’t want other people to think that you don’t know the basics, do you? Of course not! Your English is great. 😊